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In M odus Operandi: Essays in Honour of Geoffrey Rickman. Others relate that it was named Pytho and that Pythia, the priestess serving as the oracle, was chosen from their ranks by a group of priestesses who officiated at the temple. Mutual Fans Find out if any of the members you've added as a favourite is also a fan of yours.

Another view holds that Apollo was a fairly recent addition to the Greek thunderbolt dating sa originally from. Danbury, CT: Grolier Incorporated. Only the provides you with north telephone support from Apple technical experts and the assurance that repairs will be handled by Apple-authorized technicians using genuine Apple parts. The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC. Success Stories My husband and I met on your site about 3 years ago. Cambridge; New Dakota: Cambridge University Press. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. Another difference is also noticeable. The retaining wall was built to support the terrace housing the construction of the second temple of Apollo in 548 BC.

One tale of the sanctuary's discovery states that a goatherd, who grazed his flocks on Parnassus, one day observed his goats playing with great agility upon nearing a chasm in the rock; the goatherd noticing this held his head over the chasm causing the fumes to go to his brain; throwing him into a strange trance. Pa Speed Dating Online See who is currently logged in. Yet nothing but the myth supports this statement. It was originally built in the 5th century BC but was altered in later centuries.

Thunderboltcity Dating Sa - Immediately adjacent to the exit and overlooked by most tour guides is the inscription that mentions the Roman proconsul. Earlier myths include traditions that , or the Delphic oracle, already was the site of an important oracle in the pre-classical Greek world as early as 1400 BC and, rededicated from about 800 BC, when it served as the major site during classical times for the worship of the god.

Official name Archaeological Site of Delphi Type Cultural Criteria i, ii, iii, iv and vi Designated 1987 12th Reference no. State Party Region It occupies an impressive site on the south-western slope of , overlooking the coastal plain to the south and the valley of. It is now an extensive archaeological site with nearby. It is recognised by as a in having had a phenomenal influence in the ancient world, as evidenced by the rich monuments built there by most of the important ancient Greek city-states, demonstrating their fundamental unity. Delphi among the main Greek sanctuaries Delphi is located in upper central Greece, on multiple plateaux along the slope of , and includes the Sanctuary of Apollo, the site of the ancient. This semicircular spur is known as , and overlooks the Pleistos Valley. He sent two eagles flying from the eastern and western extremities, and the path of the eagles crossed over Delphi where the , or navel of Gaia was found. Earlier myths include traditions that , or the Delphic oracle, already was the site of an important oracle in the pre-classical Greek world as early as 1400 BC and, rededicated from about 800 BC, when it served as the major site during classical times for the worship of the god. The recalled that the ancient name of this site had been Krisa. Others relate that it was named Pytho and that Pythia, the priestess serving as the oracle, was chosen from their ranks by a group of priestesses who officiated at the temple. Excavation at Delphi, which was a post-Mycenaean settlement of the late 9th century, has uncovered artifacts increasing steadily in volume beginning with the last quarter of the 8th century BC. Pottery and bronze as well as tripod dedications continue in a steady stream, in contrast to. Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of valuable goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, encourages that view. The victors at Delphi were presented with a laurel crown stephanos which was ceremonially cut from a tree by a boy who re-enacted the slaying of the Python. These competitions are also called stephantic games, after the crown. Delphi was set apart from the other games sites because it hosted the mousikos agon, musical competitions. These Pythian Games rank second among the four stephanitic games chronologically and in importance. These games, though, were different from the games at Olympia in that they were not of such vast importance to the city of Delphi as the games at Olympia were to the area surrounding Olympia. In the inner hestia of the Temple of Apollo, an burned. After the , the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi. Ruins of the ancient Temple of Apollo at Delphi, overlooking the valley of Phocis. The epithet is connected with Greek δελφίς,-ῖνος in the line 400 , recounting the legend of how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying priests on his back. The name of the oracle is Pytho Πυθώ. Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at , a city in , to pick laurel also known as which he considered to be a sacred plant. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a wreath of laurel picked in the Temple. Delphi became the site of a major temple to , as well as the Pythian Games and the famous prehistoric oracle. Even in Roman times, hundreds of votive statues remained, described by and seen by. Among other things epsilon signifies the number. However, ancient as well as modern scholars have doubted the legitimacy of such inscriptions. Most likely they were popular proverbs, which tended later to be attributed to particular sages. To atone the murder of Gaia's son, Apollo was forced to fly and spend eight years in menial service before he could return forgiven. A festival, the Septeria, was held every year, at which the whole story was represented: the slaying of the serpent, and the flight, atonement, and return of the god. The Pythian Games took place every four years to commemorate Apollo's victory. The culmination of the festival was a display of an image of the gods, usually hidden in the , to worshippers. Myths indicate that Apollo killed the chthonic , Pythia in older myths, but according to some later accounts his wife, , who lived beside the. Some sources say it is because Python had attempted to rape while she was pregnant with Apollo and. This spring flowed toward the temple but disappeared beneath, creating a cleft which emitted chemical vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to reveal her prophecies. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since she was a child of Gaia. The shrine dedicated to Apollo was originally dedicated to Gaia and shared with. The name Pythia remained as the title of the Delphic. Another view holds that Apollo was a fairly recent addition to the Greek coming originally from. Main articles: and Delphi is perhaps best known for its oracle, the , the or priestess at the sanctuary dedicated to Apollo. According to in the prologue of the , the oracle had origins in prehistoric times and the worship of , a view echoed by H. One tale of the sanctuary's discovery states that a goatherd, who grazed his flocks on Parnassus, one day observed his goats playing with great agility upon nearing a chasm in the rock; the goatherd noticing this held his head over the chasm causing the fumes to go to his brain; throwing him into a strange trance. She had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. According to legend, when Apollo slew Python its body fell into this fissure and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapours, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. The oracle could not be consulted during the winter months, for this was traditionally the time when Apollo would live among the. Similar practice was followed in other Apollo oracles too. It has been speculated that the ancient writers, including who had worked as a priest at Delphi, were correct in attributing the oracular effects to the sweet-smelling Ancient Greek for breath, wind or vapour escaping from the chasm in the rock. That exhalation could have been high in the known anaesthetic and sweet-smelling or other hydrocarbons such as known to produce violent trances. Though this theory remains debatable the authors put up a detailed answer to their critics. Several alternative plant candidates have been suggested including , , and. The Pythia may have chewed oleander leaves and inhaled their smoke prior to her oracular pronouncements and sometimes dying from the toxicity. Fresco of Delphic sibyl painted by Michaelangelo at the Sistine Chapel. The Delphic Oracle exerted considerable influence throughout the Greek world, and she was consulted before all major undertakings including wars and the founding of. She also was respected by the Greek-influenced countries around the periphery of the Greek world, such as , , and even. The oracle was also known to the early Romans. Rome's seventh and last , , after witnessing a snake near his palace, sent a delegation including two of his sons to consult the oracle. During the raid, part of the temple roof collapsed. The same year, the Temple was severely damaged by an earthquake. Thus the Oracle fell in decay and the surrounding area became impoverished. The sparse local population led to difficulties in filling the posts required. The Oracle's credibility waned due to doubtful predictions. The oracle flourished again in the second century AD during the rule of emperor , who is believed to have visited the oracle twice and offered complete autonomy to the city. By the 4th century, Delphi had acquired the status of a. The attempt of the emperor to revive polytheism did not survive his reign. Excavations have revealed a large three- basilica in the city, as well as traces of a church building in the sanctuary's gymnasium. Main article: Delphi was since ancient times a place of worship for , the connected with fertility. The town started to gain pan-Hellenic relevance as both a shrine and an oracle in the 7th century BC. Initially under the control of settlers based in nearby currently , Delphi was reclaimed by the during the 597—585 BC. The conflict resulted in the consolidation of the , which had both a military and a religious function revolving around the protection of the. This shrine was destroyed by fire in 548 BC and then fell under the control of the banned from Athens. In 449—448 BC, the fought in the wider context of the between the led by and the led by Athens resulted in the gaining control of Delphi and the management of the. In 356 BC the Phocians under Philomelos captured and sacked Delphi, leading to the 356—346 BC , which ended with the defeat of the former and the under the reign of. This led to the 339 BC , which culminated in the 338 BC and the establishment of Macedonian rule over Greece. In Delphi, Macedonian rule was superseded by the in 279 BC, when a was repelled, and by the in 191 BC. The site was sacked by in 86 BC, during the , and by in 66 AD. Although subsequent Roman emperors of the contributed towards to the restoration of the site, it gradually lost importance. In the course of the 3rd century became more popular than the traditional. Christianity, which started as yet one more mystery cult, soon gained ground, and this eventually resulted in the. The anti-pagan legislation of the Flavian dynasty deprived ancient sanctuaries of their assets. Phoebus does not have a home any more, neither an oracular laurel, nor a speaking fountain, because the talking water has dried out. Ottoman Delphi Site plan of the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi. Occupation of the site at Delphi can be traced back to the period with extensive occupation and use beginning in the Mycenaean period 1600—1100 BC. Most of the ruins that survive today date from the most intense period of activity at the site in the 6th century BC. Temple of Apollo The ruins of the Temple of Delphi visible today date from the 4th century BC, and are of a building. It was erected by , Xenodoros, and Agathon on the remains of an earlier temple, dated to the 6th century BC which itself was erected on the site of a 7th-century BC construction attributed to the architects Trophonios and Agamedes. The new building was a Doric temple of 6 by 15 columns. This temple was destroyed in 375 BC by an earthquake. The sculptures are a tribute to of. Of a similar proportion to the second temple it retained the 6 by 15 column pattern around the. Inside was the , the centre of the Delphic oracle and seat of Pythia. The 560 BCE was located next to the Temple of Apollo. The temple survived until AD 390, when the Roman emperor silenced the oracle by destroying the temple and most of the statues and works of art in the name of Christianity. The site was completely destroyed by zealous Christians in an attempt to remove all traces of Paganism. The ruins of this temple decay at a faster rate than some of the other ruins on the Southern slopes of the Parnassos mountain. This is mostly due to the use of limestone, a softer material, along with porous stone. The first temple of Apollo was, according to the myth, made of daphne laurel the sacred symbol of Apollo , the second temple of Apollo was made of bees wax and feathers the remains of two structures dating from the 8th century BC could be associated with the first two temples , the third temple of Apollo was made out of bronze, the fourth temple of Apollo was constructed around the end of the 7th century BC and, according to Pausanias, ruined by fire in 548 BC, the fifth temple of Apollo Alcmaeonid Temple was constructed between 525-505 BC and ruined by fire or earthquake in 373 BC, the sixth temple of Apollo was finished in 320 BC and is the one visible today. Amphictyonic Council The was a council of representatives from six Greek tribes that controlled Delphi and also the quadrennial Pythian Games. They met biannually and came from Thessaly and central Greece. Over time, the town of Delphi gained more control of itself and the council lost much of its influence. Treasuries The reconstructed Treasury of Athens, built to commemorate their victory at the. From the entrance of the site, continuing up the slope almost to the temple itself, are a large number of statues, and numerous so-called treasuries. These were built by many of the Greek city states to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for her advice which was thought to have contributed to those victories. The most impressive is the now-restored , built to commemorate their victory at the in 490 BC. The was dedicated by the city of whose citizens gave a tithe of the yield from their silver mines until the mines came to an abrupt end when the sea flooded the workings. One of the largest of the treasuries was that of Argos. Built in the late Doric period, the Argives took great pride in establishing their place amongst the other city states. Completed in 380 BC, the treasury draws inspiration mostly from the Temple of Hera located in the Argolis, the acropolis of the city. However, recent analysis of the Archaic elements of the treasury suggest that its founding preceded this. Other identifiable treasuries are those of the Sikyonians, the Boeotians and the Thebans. Altar of the Chians Located in front of the Temple of Apollo, the main altar of the sanctuary was paid for and built by the people of. It is dated to the 5th century BC by the inscription on its. Made entirely of black marble, except for the base and cornice, the altar would have made a striking impression. It was restored in 1920. Stoa of the Athenians View of the Athenian Treasury; the Stoa of the Athenians on the Right. The leads off north-east from the main sanctuary. It was built in the and consists of seven fluted columns, unusually carved from single pieces of stone most columns were constructed from a series of discs joined together. The inscription on the indicates that it was built by the Athenians after their naval victory over the Persians in 478 BC, to house their war trophies. The stoa was attached to the existing Polygonal Wall. Sibyl rock The is a pulpit-like outcrop of rock between the Athenian Treasury and the upon the sacred way which leads up to the in the archaeological area of Delphi. It is claimed to be where an ancient Sibyl pre-dating the Pythia of Apollo sat to deliver her prophecies. Theatre The theatre at Delphi as viewed near the top seats. The ancient at Delphi was built further up the hill from the Temple of Apollo giving spectators a view of the entire sanctuary and the valley below. The koilon cavea leans against the natural slope of the mountain whereas its eastern part overrides a little torrent which led the water of the fountain Cassotis right underneath the temple of Apollo. The orchestra was initially a full circle with a diameter measuring 7 meters. The rectangular scene building ended up in two arched openings, of which the foundations are preserved today. Access to the theatre was possible through the parodoi, i. On the support walls of the parodoi are engraved large numbers of recording fictitious sales of the slaves to the god. The koilon was divided horizontally in two zones via a corridor called diazoma. The lower zone had 27 rows of seats and the upper one only 8. Six radially arranged stairs divided the lower part of the koilon in seven tiers. The theatre could accommodate about 4,500 spectators. On the occasion of Nero's visit to Greece in 67 A. The orchestra was paved and delimited by a parapet made of stone. The proscenium was replaced by a low pedestal, the pulpitum; its façade was decorated with scenes from Hercules' myth in relief. Further repairs and transformations took place in the 2nd century A. Pausanias mentions that these were carried out under the auspices of Herod Atticus. In antiquity, the theatre was used for the vocal and musical contests which formed part of the programme of the Pythian Games in the late Hellenistic and Roman period. The theatre was abandoned when the sanctuary declined in Late Antiquity. After its excavation and initial restoration it hosted theatrical performances during the Delphic Festivals organized by A. Sikelianos and his wife, Eva Palmer, in 1927 and in 1930. It has recently been restored again as the serious landslides posed a grave threat for its stability for decades. It consisted of 20 columns arranged with an exterior diameter of 14. The Tholos is located approximately a half a mile 800 m from the main ruins at Delphi at. Three of the Doric columns have been restored, making it the most popular site at Delphi for tourists to take photographs. Gymnasium Main article: The is located further up the hill, beyond the via sacra and the theatre. It was originally built in the 5th century BC but was altered in later centuries. The last major remodelling took place in the 2nd century AD under the patronage of when the stone seating was built and arched entrance. It could seat 6500 spectators and the track was 177 metres long and 25. Hippodrome It was at the Pythian games that prominent political leaders, such as , tyrant of , and , tyrant of , competed with their chariots. The hippodrome where these events took place was referred to by , and this monument was sought by archaeologists for over two centuries. Its traces have recently been found at Gonia in the plain of in the place where the original stadium was sited. Polygonal wall Section of polygonal wall at Delphi, behind a pillar from the Athenian Stoa. The retaining wall was built to support the terrace housing the construction of the second temple of Apollo in 548 BC. Its name is taken from the masonry of which it is constructed. At a later date, from 200 BC onwards, the stones were inscribed with the contracts of slaves who were consecrated to Apollo. Approximately a thousand manumissions are recorded on the wall. Castalian spring Main article: The sacred spring of Delphi lies in the ravine of the Phaedriades. The preserved remains of two monumental fountains that received the water from the spring date to the period and the , with the latter cut into the rock. Athletic statues Delphi is famous for its many preserved athletic statues. It is known that Olympia originally housed far more of these statues, but time brought ruin to many of them, leaving Delphi as the main site of athletic statues. The statues commemorate their feat of pulling their mother's cart several miles to the Sanctuary of Hera in the absence of oxen. The neighbors were most impressed and their mother asked Hera to grant them the greatest gift. When they entered Hera's temple, they fell into a slumber and never woke, dying at the height of their admiration, the perfect gift. The is another ancient relic that has withstood the centuries. It is one of the best known statues from antiquity. The charioteer has lost many features, including his chariot and his left arm, but he stands as a tribute to athletic art of antiquity. The poet celebrated the Alcmaeonid's temple in Pythian 7. Other details are given by 10. The first temple was said to have been constructed out of olive branches from. The second was made by bees out of wax and wings but was miraculously carried off by a powerful wind and deposited among the. The third, as described by Pindar, was created by the gods and , but its architectural details included -like figures or 'Enchantresses', whose baneful songs eventually provoked the Olympian gods to bury the temple in the earth according to Pausanias, it was destroyed by earthquake and fire. In Pindar's words, addressed to the : Muses, what was its fashion, shown By the skill in all arts Of the hands of Hephaestus and Athena? Of bronze the walls, and of bronze Stood the pillars beneath, But of gold were six Enchantresses Who sang above the eagle. But the sons of Opened the earth with a thunderbolt And hid the holiest of all things made. Away from their children And wives, when they hung Their lives on the honey-hearted words. The fourth temple was said to have been constructed from stone by Trophonius and Agamedes. Archaeological Museum of Delphi, designed by The is at the foot of the main archaeological complex, on the east side of the village, and on the north side of the main road. The museum houses an impressive collection associated with ancient Delphi, including the earliest known notation of a melody, the famous Charioteer, golden treasures discovered beneath the Sacred Way, and fragments of reliefs from the Siphnian Treasury. Immediately adjacent to the exit and overlooked by most tour guides is the inscription that mentions the Roman proconsul. Entries to the museum and to the main complex are separate and chargeable, and a reduced rate ticket gets entry to both. There is a small cafe, and a post office by the museum. Main article: The site had been occupied by the village of since medieval times. Before a systematic excavation of the site could be undertaken, the village had to be relocated but the residents resisted. The opportunity to relocate the village occurred when it was substantially damaged by an earthquake, with villagers offered a completely new village in exchange for the old site. In 1893 the removed vast quantities of soil from numerous landslides to reveal both the major buildings and structures of the sanctuary of Apollo and of Athena Pronoia along with thousands of objects, inscriptions and sculptures. The site is now an archaeological one, and a very popular tourist destination. It is easily accessible from Athens as a day trip, and is often combined with the facilities available on Mount Parnassus, as well as the beaches and summer sports facilities of the nearby coast of. The site is also protected as a site of extraordinary natural beauty, and the views from it are also : no industrial artefacts are to be seen from Delphi other than roads and traditional architecture residences for example high voltage power lines and the like are routed so as to be invisible from the area of the sanctuary. Other important Late Roman buildings are the Eastern Baths, the house with the peristyle, the , the large cistern usw. At the outskirts of the city there were located late Roman cemeteries. To the Southeast of the precinct of Apollo lay the so-called Southeastern Mansion, a very large building with a 65 meters-long façade, spread over four levels, with four triclinia and private baths. Large storage jars kept the provisions, whereas other pottery vessels and luxury items were discovered in the rooms. Among the finds stands out a tiny leopard made of mother of pearl, possibly of Sassanian origin, on display in the ground floor gallery of the. The mansion dates to the beginning of the 5th century and functioned as a private house until 580, later however it was transformed into a potters' workshop. It is only then, in the beginning of the 6th century, that the city seems to decline: its size is reduced and its trade contacts seem to be drastically diminished. Local pottery production is produced in large quantities: it is coarser and made of reddish clay, aiming at satisfying the needs of the inhabitants. The Sacred Way remained the main street of the settlement, transformed, however, into a street with commercial and industrial use. Around the agora were built workshops as well as the only intra muros early Christian basilica. The domestic area spread mainly in the western part of the settlement. The houses were rather spacious and two large cisterns provided running water to them. View of Delphi with Sacrificial Procession by. From the 16th century onwards, West Europe developed an interest in Delphi. In the mid-15th century Strabo was first translated in Latin. The earliest depictions of Delphi were totally imaginary, created by the German N. Gerbel, who published in 1545 a text based on the map of Greece by N. The ancient sanctuary was depicted as a fortified city. The first travelers with archaeological interests, apart from the precursor Cyriacus of Ancona, were the British and the French , who visited Greece in a joint expedition in 1675-76. They published their impressions separately. Travelers continued to visit Delphi throughout the 19th century and published their books which contained diaries, sketches, views of the site as well as pictures of coins. The illustrations often reflected the spirit of romanticism, as evident by the works of Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, where, apart from the landscapes La Grèce. Vues pittoresques et topographiques, Paris 1834 are depicted also human types Costumes et usages des peuples de la Grèce moderne dessinés sur les lieux, Paris 1828. The philhellene painter W. Williams has comprised the landscape of Delphi in his themes 1829. Wordsworth and Lord Byron are amongst the most important visitors of Delphi. Delphi by features the. After the foundation of the modern Greek state, the press becomes also interested in these travelers. The French author relates in a charming style his adventures on the road, praising particularly the ability of an old woman to put back in its place the dismantled arm of one of his foreign traveling companions, who had fallen off the horse. In the Greek type is preserved intact. The men are rather athletes than farmers, built for running and wrestling, particularly elegant and slender under their mountain gear. Gradually the first travelling guides appeared. The photographic lens revolutionized the way of depicting the landscape and the antiquities, particularly from 1893 onwards, when the systematic excavations of the French Archaeological School started. However, artists such as Vera Willoughby, continued to be inspired by the landscape. Delphic themes inspired several graphic artists. A famous example constitutes Michelangelo's Delphic Sibyl 1509 , the 19th-century German engraving Oracle of Apollo at Delphi, as well as the most recent The Oracle of Delphi, inc on paper, by the Swedish Malin Lind. Modern artists are inspired also by the Delphic Maxims. Delphi inspired literature as well. More recent French authors used Delphi as a source of inspiration such as Delphes du second jour or Jean Sullivan nickname of in L'Obsession de Delphes 1967 , but also 's 1991. The presence of Delphi in Greek literature is very intense. Poets such as The Delphic Hymn, 1894 , Delphic festival, 1927 , return from Delphi, 1957 , Delphi, 1961—62 and Gas omphalos and Appropriate terrain 1988 , to mention only the most renowned ones. The importance of Delphi for the Greeks is significant. The site has been recorded on the collective memory and have been expressed through tradition. He didn't have time to finish his speech and a thunder came down and burnt him, opening the rock nearby into two. They originate from the old pagan inhabitants of Delphi who kept their property in castle called Adelphi, named after the two brother princes who built it. When Christ and his mother came to the site, and all people around converted to Christianity they thought that they should better leave; thus the Mylords left for the West and took all their belongings with them. The Mylords come here now and worship these stones. Such has been the strength of the tradition that many historians and others have accepted as historical fact the ancient statement that Ge and Themis spoke oracles before it became Apollo's establishment. Yet nothing but the myth supports this statement. In the earliest account that we have of the Delphic Oracle's beginnings, the story found in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo 281—374 , there was no before Apollo came and killed the great she-dragon, Pytho's only inhabitant. That such conceptions attached to Gaia is shown by the records of her cults at Delphi, Athens, and Aegae. A recently discovered inscription speaks of a temple of Ge at Delphi. As regards Gaia, we also can accept it. It is confirmed by certain features in the latter Delphic divination, and also by the story of the Python. Wormell, The Delphic Oracle, Basil Blackwell, 1956 , vol. American Journal of Archaeology. It would be foolish to look for a clear statement of origin from any ancient authority, but one might hope for a plain account of the primitive traditions. Actually this is not what we find. The foundation of the oracle is described by three early writers: the author of the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, in the prologue to the Eumenides, and in a chorus in the Iphigeneia in Tauris. All three versions, instead of being simple and traditional, are already selective and tendentious. They disagree with each other basically, but have been superficially combined in the conventional version of late classical times. The slaying of the serpent is the act of conquest which secures his possession; not as in the Homeric Hymn, a merely secondary work of improvement on the site. Another difference is also noticeable. The Homeric Hymn, as we saw, implied that the method of prophecy used there was similar to that of : both Aeschylus and Euripides, writing in the fifth century, attribute to primeval times the same methods as used at Delphi in their own day. So much is implied by their allusions to tripods and prophetic seats. This was the Omphalos, an egg-shaped stone which was situated in the innermost sanctuary of the temple in historic times. The worship of these two, as one or distinguished, was displaced by the introduction of Apollo. His origin has been the subject of much learned controversy: it is sufficient for our purpose to take him as the Homeric Hymn represents him — a northern intruder — and his arrival must have occurred in the dark interval between Mycenaean and Hellenic times. His conflict with Ge for the possession of the cult site was represented under the legend of his slaying the serpent. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. Retrieved March 8, 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016. Few cities would undertake such an expedition without consulting the oracle. Thus at a moment when the growth of population might have led to congestion within the city, to random emigration, or to conflicts for arable land in the more densely populated regions, Delphi, willy-nilly, faced the problem and conducted a program of organized dispersal. I, Athens, Domi Publications, 1984, pp. London and New York: Oxford University Press. Guida d'Europa in Italian. Milano: Touring Club Italiano. Retrieved 28 November 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2017. «Das Theater», in Maas, M. Orakel am Nabel der Welt,Karlsruhe 1996, pp. Retrieved 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018. Bowra, Pindar, Oxford University Press 2000 reprint , p. Bowra, Pindar, Oxford University Press 2000 reprint , p. », Mélanges Jean-Pierre Sodini, Travaux et Mémoires 15, Paris, pp. Retrieved 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018. Bacchylides: Politics, Performance, Poetic Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2007. Hale, and Jelle Z. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. American Journal of Archaeology. Finance, Administrations, and Realpolitik: The Case of Fourth-Century Delphi. In M odus Operandi: Essays in Honour of Geoffrey Rickman. London: Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, Suppl. Edited by Simon Hornblower and Catherine Morgan, 47—69. Revisiting Delphi: Religion and Storytelling in Ancient Greece. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. The Treasuries at Delphi: An Architectural Study. Jonsered, Denmark: Paul Åströms. Delphi and Olympia: The Spatial Politics of Panhellenism in the Archaic and Classical Periods. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Univ. Roman Delphi and its Pythian games. », Mélanges Jean-Pierre Sodini, Travaux et Mémoires 15, Paris, pp. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for. Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Retrieved 23 Nov 2010. The New York Times. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.